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Seven Wonders of the Ancient WorldTHE GREAT PYRAMID Purpose: tomb of Egyptian king Khufu Where: Giza, Egypt Built: c. 2500 b.c. By whom: commissioned by Khufu Status: still standing THE HANGING GARDENS OF BABYLON Purpose: to please Amytis whose homeland, Media, was much more lush than Babylon Where: city of Babylon on the Euphrates River Built: between 604 and 562 b.c. By whom: Nebuchadrezzar II for his wife Amytis Status: Archaeologists are seeking traces of ruins today, and there are still many historians who say that the Hanging Gardens belong to the realm of fable and legend. TEMPLE OF ARTEMIS AT EPHESUS Purpose: to honor Artemis, the patron of the hunt, and also fertility and nature Where: city of Ephesus in eastern Asia Minor (present-day Turkey) Built: 500s b.c. By whom: Croesus, ruler of neighboring Lydia, after his conquest of Ephesus Status: destroyed by invading Goths in a.d. 262 STATUE OF ZEUS AT OLYMPIA Purpose: cult statue in temple dedicated to Zeus Where: Olympia, Greece Built: completed around 435 b.c. By whom: crafted by the Greek sculptor Phidias Status: destroyed around a.d. 426 by order of Theodosius II, emperor of the Eastern Roman Empire MAUSOLEUM AT HALICARNASSUS Purpose: tomb of King Mausolus Where: seaport city in Caria, Asia Minor (present-day Turkey) Built: completed around 350 b.c. By whom: commissioned by Mausolus whose wife Artemisia oversaw its construction after he died Status: fell into ruins; during Middle Ages, Crusader knights took stones from ruins for their buildings COLOSSUS OF RHODES Purpose: Where: island of Rhodes in Aegean Sea Built: between 294 and 282 b.c. By whom: people of Rhodes following their victory over Greek invaders under Demetrius Status: destroyed in an earthquake in 226 b.c. THE PHAROS, OR LIGHTHOUSE, OF ALEXANDRIA Purpose: beams of light acted as beacon to all ships in the area Where: Alexandria, Egypt Built: around 290 b.c. By whom: commissioned by Egyptian ruler Ptolemy I and completed under his son Ptolemy II Status: toppled by earthquakes in a.d. 1303 and 1323 |
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