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Teacher's Guide for CALLIOPE: Queen VictoriaTeacher guide prepared by: Gloria W. Lannom, a frequent contributor to Cobblestone publications. Look at the timeline and the article "Race for an Heir" on pages 2 and 3. How old was Victoria when she became queen? (18) How old was she when she married? (21) How old was she when she died? (82) How long did she reign? (64 years, the longest reign of any British monarch) Who was her mother? (a German princess of Saxe-Coburg named Marie Louise Victoire, who became Duchess of Kent) What was Victoria named at her christening? (Alexandrina Victoria) Why was her birth so important? (the royal family needed an heir to succeed William IV to the throne of England) On page 4, what did Victoria study as part of her preparation to become queen? (geography, business, law, British history, Shakespeare and other English literary works, French, German, Latin, and the catechism of the Church of England) How was she taught? (by a tutor, not in school, like you and me) What term describes the type of ruler she was? (constitutional monarch) What does this mean? (a ruler who is subject to the constitution of the country, in this case, England) "When Influence Counts" mentions some people who had influence or tried to have influence over Victoria. Who were they? (her mother; John Controy, her mother's favorite; Louise Lehzen, her governess and later companion; her uncle, Belgian king Leopold I; Viscount Melbourne, her earliest prime minister) What advice did her uncle give her? (see ministers close to lunchtime, never make hasty decisions, marry his nephew Albert) What saying describes the role of the monarch in "A Commitment to Progress" on page 9? ("A monarch reigns but does not rule.") If the queen could not intervene directly in the affairs of Parliament, what could she do? (She could be briefed by the prime minister, see all important documents, offer her opinions, and exert behind-the-scenes influence) What did Victoria believe was the role of the royal family? (living examples, of morality and devotion to duty) Did she set a good example of these qualities? (yes) What terrible disaster took place during her reign? (the Great Potato Famine) What caused it? (the potato crop failed) "The Love Without Equal" describes the courtship, wedding, and marriage of Victoria and Prince Albert. Why did her advisors say she should get married? (for the good of the nation) Why did many members of Parliament oppose her marriage? (they were afraid of German influence in British government affairs) In addition to being her husband, what other relationship did Prince Albert have with Victoria? (he was her cousin, the son of her mother's brother) How many children did they have? (nine; five girls, four boys) Which one succeeded Victoria upon her death? (the eldest son, Albert Edward, who became Edward VII) How would you describe the marriage of Victoria and Prince Albert? (extremely happy, a partnership) How many assassination attempts were made against Queen Victoria? (eight; fortunately they were all unsuccessful) "A Woman's Place" describes the social, political, economic, and educational disadvantages of 19th century British women. Fill in the blanks. Why did upper class English families want to have boys more than girls? (they wanted heirs to carry on their family names and inherit their property)What was the purpose of The Great Exhibition of 1851? (to encourage international competition in the peaceful fields of science and industry) Why did members of the government oppose the idea of the exhibition? (they said it would be too expensive and they feared that foreign visitors would include political extremists and cause security problems) Where did the funds come from? (private sources) What was the name of the exhibition hall and why did it have this name? (Crystal Palace, made of many sheets of glass) How many visitors went to the exhibition? (6 million) What important products did the United States display? (McCormick mechanical reaper, the Singer sewing machine, and the Colt revolver) Was the exhibition a success? (yes, it displayed British technology and made a profit) Was Prince Albert given credit for its success? (yes, it changed people's ideas about him by showing his devotion to his adopted country and his management ability) Read the article titled "A Time of Mourning." What adjective is used to describe Queen Victoria's emotion when Prince Albert died? (inconsolable) How did she act? (she dressed in black for the rest of her life and was reluctant to resume her duties as monarch) What is the name of the monument in London dedicated to Albert's memory? (Albert Memorial Look at the next article in this issue. What is the term used to describe the leader of the British government? (prime minister) Of the men who held this office during Queen Victoria's reign, two were extremely famous statesmen. Who were they? (Benjamin Disraeli and William Gladstone) What political parties did they belong to? (Disraeli: Conservative; Gladstone: Liberal) How does the writer of "The Prime Minister" describe Disraeli? (ambitious, cynical, best-selling novelist, imperialist who declared Victoria "Empress of India," and a flatterer) How does the writer describe Gladstone? (author of scholarly articles on ancient Greek literature, a man of high ideals, uninterested in expanding the empire, and a man who never flattered the queen as Disraeli did) Which one did Victoria prefer? (Disraeli) Some of the history of the British in India is described in the article titled "Empress of India." Between 1837 and 1858 who administered much of the Indian subcontinent? (British East India Company) When did this change to British government administration of India and what were the circumstances? (in 1858; Parliament passed the India Act of 1858 that transferred the administration to the Crown) In what year was Victoria granted the title "Empress of India?" (1877) Did she ever visit India? (No) Which member of her family went to India? (Prince Edward, heir to the throne) What are some of the changes described in "Legacy of a Queen" that took place in Britain during Queen Victoria's long reign? (expansion of the British empire, industrialization, growth of urban populations, advance of technology including the railroad system, emergence of the middle class, mass production of consumer goods, some political reforms) What were some of the problems of the period? (overcrowded cities with resulting problems of sanitation and disease, slums, poverty, illiteracy) On page 47 at the end of this article, what does the writer say about political changes during the reign of Queen Victoria? (political parties were organized, Parliament grew more powerful and the monarchy became less powerful) How did the writer describe Queen Victoria's status towards the end of her reign? (symbolic ruler) |
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